Shenzhen Education Demonstration How to Achieve the Goal of "Good Education for Young Children and Excellent Education for Learning"

Shenzhen's education takes the lead and puts forward new requirements for education reform and development path. How to achieve the first demonstration goal of "good education in young children and excellent education in learning"? How can Shenzhen education develop with higher quality? The Shenzhen Municipal Education Bureau has systematically prepared the outline of the Shenzhen Education Pilot Demonstration Plan and the pilot demonstration action plan for higher education, basic education, vocational education, and private education, as well as the "14th Five-Year Plan for Shenzhen Education Development" and "Shenzhen Basic Education Based on the Pilot Demonstration Zone Shenzhen Education Development Program documents such as the Research Report on Information Development Strategy and the Smart Education Cloud Action Plan (2020-2025), systematically plan the ideas, goals and measures for Shenzhen's education pilot demonstration in the future. Education carries people's livelihood and happiness and is related to the future of the city. Whether it’s basic education, vocational education, or higher education, it must be based on the current situation, but it must also be focused on the future. It must be aware of the overall situation, innovative, and constantly try new methods to adapt to social development and meet social needs. If Shenzhen education wants to demonstrate first, it must boldly open up, change lanes and overtake, take extraordinary measures, run education under the conditions of an intelligent society, promote the "double improvement" of the scale and quality of education, and form the "Shenzhen model."

The construction of public parks enters the "fast lane" and the inclusive and high-quality development of preschool education goes out of the "Shenzhen Path"

Pre-school education is an important part of the national education system. After 40 years of development, the scale of preschool education in Shenzhen has developed rapidly. Today, there are 545,000 children in kindergartens, and the number of children in kindergartens ranks second in the country.

As early as 2012, Shenzhen started a pilot project for the construction of inclusive kindergartens, and was the first in China to explore a government-led and financially supported pre-school education public welfare inclusive development model. Shenzhen implements three pre-school education policies that benefit the people. 510,000 children in the kindergarten enjoy a healthy growth allowance of 1,500 yuan per person per year, and 37,000 nurses and teachers enjoy a long-term teaching allowance of 1,000-1,500 yuan per person per year. , Puhui Garden receives an incentive subsidy of not less than 40,000 yuan per class every year, with a cumulative investment of 5.2 billion yuan.

This year is the first peak year for children to enter kindergartens since the "two-child" policy was liberalized. The supply of basic education degrees in Shenzhen has also rushed to a new speed. Among them, the construction of public kindergartens has been accelerated, and the inclusive and quality development of preschool education has taken the "Shenzhen Path". .

"Complete the task of 50% and 80% of the children in public parks and inclusive parks, respectively." This is a mandatory requirement of the municipal government for implementing the national preschool education policy and proposes a high standard for preschool education. Requirements. Since 2019, Shenzhen has vigorously developed public parks, and the number of public parks has increased significantly.

In recent years, the proportion of children in public kindergartens in Shenzhen has increased from less than 4% to 38%. The city has established 745 municipal kindergartens and 134 provincial kindergartens, the number of provincial kindergartens is the first in the province. At the beginning of Shenzhen’s establishment, there were only 90 kindergartens in the city.

By 2020, the proportion of children in Shenzhen inclusive kindergartens (including public kindergartens and inclusive private kindergartens) will reach 82.35%, and the proportion of children in public kindergartens will reach 38%, and it will reach 50% by the end of the year.

Prior to this, Nandu had compiled reports on the progress of public kindergartens in various districts (new districts) of Shenzhen. On June 30, the Yantian District Education Bureau announced that the Yantian District had completed the task of 50% of the children in public kindergartens with high quality and high standards, and 96% of the children in the Inclusive Gardens.

Longgang District has taken multiple measures to continuously promote the in-depth development of public kindergartens. Longgang District adheres to government-led, goal-oriented, community-based deployment, and taps into potential. Through multiple measures such as "new construction", "recycling", "transformation" and "reconstruction", it continues to promote the in-depth development of public kindergartens. On the basis of scientifically setting task indicators, Yantian District has determined that the construction path of public parks is mainly "planning new construction", "site selection and reconstruction" and "private park transformation" three methods, and each method clarifies the specific park. All targets have formulated supporting measures.

In the construction of public parks, all districts of Shenzhen are exploring diversified school-running models. Futian District has improved the fund management mechanism of public parks, incorporated all public parks into centralized financial accounting at the same level, implemented "separate revenue and expenditure" management, and standardized the funding supervision mechanism. In addition, Futian District has also taken the lead in establishing a preschool education development center, implementing professional management of preschool education, insisting on optimizing the preschool education management model, and setting the preschool education development center as a seven-level institution directly under the district education bureau, with corresponding establishments for public school education Provide organizational guarantee for the implementation of teaching, research, education and training.

Winning the battle of basic education degree construction, education tolerance reflects "Shenzhen temperature"

Shenzhen is a city born out of reform and opening up, and it is also the country's largest immigrant city. Tolerance has always been a prominent feature of Shenzhen's urban characteristics, as well as a prominent feature of Shenzhen education. Shenzhen has always been committed to making education more high-quality and balanced, so that the children of Shenzhen builders can share the sunshine of education in Shenzhen and share the dividends of educational development.

As early as 2005, Shenzhen issued the "1+5" document ("Shenzhen's Several Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Population Management Work" and 5 supporting documents), which satisfactorily solved the enrollment problem of non-shenzhen registered students and guaranteed For the rights and interests of the children of Lailai Shenzhen builders to receive education, the entrance threshold is the lowest among the large and medium cities in the country. In 2017, Shenzhen issued the "Administrative Measures for Compulsory Education for Children of Non-Shenzhen Registered Households", which further lowered the entry threshold, requiring that both or one of the parents of children with non-shenzhen registered permanent residence holds a functional Shenzhen Special Economic Zone residence permit and resides in Shenzhen. One year, school-age children who have participated in social security for one year can apply for a Primary One degree. Statistics show that currently 63% of the city’s compulsory education degrees are provided to non-hukou students, the highest proportion in the country.

Not only are schools for compulsory education, the doors of high schools in our city have always been open to non-shenzhen registered students. Eligible non-shenzhen junior high school students can sign up for the senior high school entrance examination in our city and be enrolled with a crossed line, and then enter the corresponding public general high school, private general high school and secondary vocational school. Among the current high school students, the proportion of non-shenzhen registered students has reached 40%.

In recent years, regarding the supply of high school degrees in Shenzhen, a livelihood hot issue that is highly concerned by Shenzhen parents, the Shenzhen Municipal Government has actively responded to the concerns and needs of the citizens and issued the "Shenzhen High School Construction Plan (2020-2025)" at the end of 2019. Shenzhen will build regular high schools in phases. From 2020 to 2022, 30 regular high schools will be renovated and expanded, and high school students will reach 275,000; from 2023 to 2025, more than 37,000 general high schools will be added. The school has 336,000 students.

In September 2020, Shenzhen opened 5 new general high schools, and another school added the level of general high school management. At the same time, the existing general high schools were tapped to expand classes. The general high school enrollment plan increased by 6,486 compared with last year. On August 17, the admission criteria for Shenzhen’s first batch of senior high school entrance examinations just released showed that the results of this year’s general high school enrollment expansion were apparent, and the scores were generally stable with a decline. In addition, at the beginning of 2020, Shenzhen City will arrange a general public budget of 82.65 billion yuan (including education surcharges) for education, accounting for 19.3% of the city's general budget expenditure, a year-on-year increase of 15.7%.

It is worth mentioning that even if children cannot go to public schools, children in private schools can still enjoy government subsidies. Beginning in 2012, Shenzhen took the lead in introducing three public inclusive policies to support the sustainable development of private education, degree subsidies, long-term teaching allowances for teachers, and rewards and subsidies for high-quality private schools. In the past three years, it has benefited 2.11 million students and invested 7.45 billion yuan. Private education in Shenzhen has become a powerful supplement to public education, providing diversified education options for citizens' children.

Start from scratch and develop by leaps and bounds, being an explorer of China's higher education reform

The results of the college entrance examination this year are good news again. The admission scores of major universities in Shenzhen rank among the top in the province. The admission lines of all undergraduate colleges and universities in the city have significantly exceeded the priority line. The high quality of running schools and the educational environment are widely welcomed by students. In recent years, Shenzhen has seized opportunities for the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines, accelerated the gathering of high-quality resources at home and abroad, adhered to both "scale expansion" and "quality improvement", vigorously promoted the structural reform of the higher education supply side, and promoted the leap-forward development of higher education in Shenzhen .

In the past 40 years, higher education in Shenzhen started from scratch. By accelerating the accumulation of high-quality resources at home and abroad, the introduction of schools and self-run colleges and universities simultaneously created the "Shenzhen Speed". To date, 15 colleges and universities have been opened, with 113,200 full-time students. people.

In recent years, Shenzhen has seized the opportunities for the construction of first-class universities and first-class disciplines, and accelerated the gathering of high-quality resources at home and abroad. By introducing schools and self-run universities simultaneously, expanding scale and improving quality, the development of higher education in Shenzhen has entered the fast lane and made a leap Development and innovation.

In September 1983, Shenzhen University, the first university in the special zone, opened. As a university born in response to reform and opening up, Shenzhen University has always been committed to reforming and exploring new talent training mechanisms. Since the establishment of the school, Shenzhen University has been determined to reform the management system, actively explored in scholarships, credit system, work-study programs, etc., took the lead in implementing the non-contracted graduate distribution and two-way selection system in China, and the full faculty appointment system.

In April 2012, the Ministry of Education formally approved the establishment of SUSTech, clearly entrusted with the major mission of exploring a modern university system with Chinese characteristics and exploring innovative talent training models. As a test field for the comprehensive reform of higher education, Southern University of Science and Technology has made useful explorations for China's higher education reform in terms of enrollment reform, student training, and exploration of the modern university system.

In order to meet the needs of high-level talent training in Shenzhen, in 2000, Shenzhen began to try to establish a university city focusing on postgraduate training with Peking University, Tsinghua University and Harbin Institute of Technology, which became another pioneering move in Shenzhen to pursue the leap-forward development of higher education.

In recent years, Shenzhen has actively promoted the cooperation of domestic and foreign universities in running schools and jointly established the Shenzhen campus. The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) was formally approved by the Ministry of Education in March 2014. The opening of CUHK (Shenzhen) opened a new chapter in Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation in running schools and was another milestone in the history of the development of education between the two places. In September 2017, the first Sino-Russian cooperative university, Shenzhen Beili Moscow University, opened and welcomed its first batch of freshmen.

In 2016, the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government issued the "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Higher Education" and announced the "University Plan" of the special zone-after 10 years of hard work, the establishment of an international open and innovative higher education system has become an important part of the South Higher education center.

Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", Shenzhen has vigorously gathered high-quality higher education resources, and the development of higher education has entered the fast lane. It has handed over an impressive "incremental" report card: SUSTech, Hong Kong University (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen Beili Moscow University, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen University of Technology, Shenzhen International Graduate School of Tsinghua University, and Georgia Institute of Technology of Tianjin University have been approved by the Ministry of Education to establish another "Shenzhen Speed" in higher education.

Today, there are 15 colleges and universities in the city, with 113,200 full-time students, 6,999 full-time teachers, and 66% of them have doctorate degrees.

In the past year, Shenzhen’s new universities and high-level universities have achieved important breakthroughs: Shenzhen University of Technology, Tianjin University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Shenzhen College was approved by the Ministry of Education; Shenzhen University, Southern University of Science and Technology and other universities have been listed in the international and domestic authoritative university rankings. Single, comprehensive strength and competitiveness have been significantly improved. The preparatory work for the establishment of new universities such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen University of Technology, Ocean University, School of Innovation and Creative Design, School of Music, Shenzhen Normal University and other new universities is accelerating.

Shenzhen is working hard to build an international, open and innovative higher education system, and strive to build a national higher education highland. With the significant improvement of the comprehensive strength and competitiveness of Shenzhen's universities, the map of "China's good universities" is being redrawn. Professor Zhang Xiangyun of Shenzhen University said that the development of urban higher education is closely related to the development of the city itself. The context of the development of higher education in Shenzhen is directly related to the goals and speed of urban development.

Since the 1990s, Shenzhen has initially formed the development goal of building an international metropolis and a high-tech city. In order to achieve its urban development goals, Shenzhen must build a high-level development of higher education. At that time, it was extremely difficult for Shenzhen to develop a first-class, high-level research university in a short time. In addition to the urgent need for a first-class, high-level research university and a complete higher education system for urban development, Shenzhen explored the introduction of domestic and foreign The innovative development of higher education from top universities to Shenzhen.

"The introduction of first-class universities to run schools in Shenzhen, the first-class universities already have the academic strength for high-level development of higher education, and the first-class university brand as an intangible asset attracts outstanding young people and scholars at home and abroad to gather in Shenzhen to do research and cultivate innovative talents. Facts have proved that Shenzhen A successful road to the development of higher education has been taken."

Zhang Xiangyun believes that the development of higher education in Shenzhen has taken a diversified development path. At present, the framework of higher education in Shenzhen and the scale of higher education have been formed. In the next 10 to 15 years, it will develop into a high-level development of higher education in China. Support, provide a powerful and inexhaustible momentum for Shenzhen's high-tech exploration and sustainable development.

Create a benchmark for the integration of production and education, the innovative development of vocational education forms the "Shenzhen Model"

The development of the city is inseparable from the "intensive cultivation" of highly skilled craftsmen. In Shenzhen, vocational education is guided by quality and developed in connotation. It has formed a modern vocational education system that connects middle and higher vocational education, optimizes majors, and is innovative and open. It has contributed to the country and the world the “Shenzhen Program” of vocational education, and also to the society. A large number of practical talents with good professional qualities and high skills have been trained. Currently, Shenzhen has 31 vocational colleges, including 17 secondary vocational schools, 11 technical colleges and 3 higher vocational colleges. In 2019, Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College and Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College of Information Technology were both selected as the proposed units of high-level vocational schools with Chinese characteristics. Shenzhen has 5 national secondary vocational education reform and development demonstration schools and 14 key secondary vocational schools above the provincial level.

In December 2019, Shenzhen successfully hosted a national on-site meeting to promote the high-quality development of vocational education, which was highly praised by colleagues from all provinces and regions, as well as the relevant leaders of the State Council and the Ministry of Education. The "Shenzhen Model" of vocational education development is well-known throughout the country and has become a shining brand of vocational education.

Shenzhen is also conducting many pioneering explorations on the innovative transformation of the training methods of skilled talents. The first is to take the lead in breaking through the vocational education "bottleneck" of school-enterprise cooperation and integration of production and education. Shenzhen took the lead in exploring the construction model of "government subsidies, enterprises providing venues, school-enterprise co-construction and sharing", built 189 industry-education integration training bases, and explored the formation of a "dual" education model suitable for China's national conditions. Vocational colleges work closely with Fortune 500 or industry-leading companies such as Huawei, BYD, and Ping An Technology to build a number of characteristic industry colleges; jointly develop high-end certification certificates and integrate the standards and content of the certificates into professional talent training programs.

This year Shenzhen has 10 national secondary vocational demonstration schools, provincial key secondary vocational schools, and national key technical schools for pilot majors. In the first batch, they were admitted simultaneously with the general high school. Candidates enrolled actively. The admission scores for pilot majors are more obvious than in previous years. improve. The attractiveness of vocational education continues to increase, especially popular majors in vocational high schools, which have become more popular with candidates than some public general high schools.

On the one hand, the attractiveness of vocational education continues to increase, and it is expected to become a high school degree